Dev Neurorehabil. 2012 Oct 3.
Jelsma J, Pronk M, Ferguson G, Jelsma-Smit D.
Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town , South Africa.
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Showing posts with label exergaming. Show all posts
Showing posts with label exergaming. Show all posts
Tuesday, 23 October 2012
Thursday, 5 April 2012
Comparison Between Nintendo Wii Fit Aerobics and Traditional Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary Young Adults
Douris, PC, McDonald, B, Vespi, F, Kelley, NC, and Herman, L.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
26(4): 1052–1057, 2012
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Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
26(4): 1052–1057, 2012
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Abstract:
Exergaming is becoming a popular recreational activity for young adults. The purpose was to compare the physiologic and psychological responses of college students playing Nintendo Wii Fit, an active video game console, vs. an equal duration of moderate-intensity brisk walking. Twenty-one healthy sedentary college-age students (mean age 23.2 ± 1.8 years) participated in a randomized, double cross-over study, which compared physiologic and psychological responses to 30 minutes of brisk walking exercise on a treadmill vs. 30 minutes playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” program. Physiologic parameters measured included heart rate, rate pressure product, respiratory rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Participants' positive well-being, psychological distress, and level of fatigue associated with each exercise modality were quantified using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale. The mean maximum heart rate (HRmax) achieved when exercising with Wii Fit (142.4 ± 20.5 b·min−1) was significantly greater (p = 0.001) compared with exercising on the treadmill (123.2 ± 13.7 b·min−1). Rate pressure product was also significantly greater (p = 0.001) during exercise on the Wii Fit. Participants' rating of perceived exertion when playing Wii Fit (12.7 ± 3.0) was significantly greater (p = 0.014) when compared with brisk walking on the treadmill (10.1 ± 3.3). However, psychologically when playing Wii Fit, participants' positive well-being decreased significantly (p = 0.018) from preexercise to postexercise when compared with exercising on the treadmill. College students have the potential to surpass exercise intensities achieved when performing a conventional standard for moderate-intensity exercise when playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” with a self-selected intensity. We concluded that Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” may act as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in fulfilling the American College of Sports Medicine requirements for physical activity.
© 2012 National Strength and Conditioning Association
More info click here
Exergaming is becoming a popular recreational activity for young adults. The purpose was to compare the physiologic and psychological responses of college students playing Nintendo Wii Fit, an active video game console, vs. an equal duration of moderate-intensity brisk walking. Twenty-one healthy sedentary college-age students (mean age 23.2 ± 1.8 years) participated in a randomized, double cross-over study, which compared physiologic and psychological responses to 30 minutes of brisk walking exercise on a treadmill vs. 30 minutes playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” program. Physiologic parameters measured included heart rate, rate pressure product, respiratory rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Participants' positive well-being, psychological distress, and level of fatigue associated with each exercise modality were quantified using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale. The mean maximum heart rate (HRmax) achieved when exercising with Wii Fit (142.4 ± 20.5 b·min−1) was significantly greater (p = 0.001) compared with exercising on the treadmill (123.2 ± 13.7 b·min−1). Rate pressure product was also significantly greater (p = 0.001) during exercise on the Wii Fit. Participants' rating of perceived exertion when playing Wii Fit (12.7 ± 3.0) was significantly greater (p = 0.014) when compared with brisk walking on the treadmill (10.1 ± 3.3). However, psychologically when playing Wii Fit, participants' positive well-being decreased significantly (p = 0.018) from preexercise to postexercise when compared with exercising on the treadmill. College students have the potential to surpass exercise intensities achieved when performing a conventional standard for moderate-intensity exercise when playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” with a self-selected intensity. We concluded that Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” may act as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in fulfilling the American College of Sports Medicine requirements for physical activity.
© 2012 National Strength and Conditioning Association
More info click here
Saturday, 17 March 2012
Activity-promoting gaming systems in exercise and rehabilitation
Matthew J. D. Taylor, PhD; Darren McCormick, BSc; Teshk Shawis, MBChB, FRCP; Rebecca Impson,
MSc; Murray Griffin, PhD
Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development
Volume 48, Number 10, 2011 Pages 1171–1186
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Abstract—
Commercial activity-promoting gaming systems provide a potentially attractive means to facilitate exercise and rehabilitation. The Nintendo Wii, Sony EyeToy, Dance Dance Revolution, and Xbox Kinect are examples of gaming systems that use the movement of the player to control gameplay. Activity-promoting gaming systems can be used as a tool to increase activity levels in otherwise sedentary gamers and also be an effective tool to aid rehabilitation in clinical settings. Therefore, the aim of this current work is to review the growing area of activity-promoting gaming in the context of exercise, injury, and rehabilitation.
Key words: activity-promoting, Dance Dance Revolution,
exercise, falls, games, gaming systems, injury, Nintendo Wii,
rehabilitation, Sony EyeToy, Xbox Kinect.
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MSc; Murray Griffin, PhD
Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development
Volume 48, Number 10, 2011 Pages 1171–1186
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Abstract—
Commercial activity-promoting gaming systems provide a potentially attractive means to facilitate exercise and rehabilitation. The Nintendo Wii, Sony EyeToy, Dance Dance Revolution, and Xbox Kinect are examples of gaming systems that use the movement of the player to control gameplay. Activity-promoting gaming systems can be used as a tool to increase activity levels in otherwise sedentary gamers and also be an effective tool to aid rehabilitation in clinical settings. Therefore, the aim of this current work is to review the growing area of activity-promoting gaming in the context of exercise, injury, and rehabilitation.
Key words: activity-promoting, Dance Dance Revolution,
exercise, falls, games, gaming systems, injury, Nintendo Wii,
rehabilitation, Sony EyeToy, Xbox Kinect.
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Tuesday, 20 December 2011
A Pilot Study of Wii Fit Exergames to Improve Balance in Older Adults
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy:
October/December 2011 - Volume 34 - Issue 4 - p 161–167
Agmon, Maayan PT, PhD, MA, BA; Perry, Cynthia K. PhD, ARNP; Phelan, Elizabeth MD, MS; Demiris, George PhD; Nguyen, Huong Q. PhD
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Abstract
Purpose: To determine the safety and feasibility of using Nintendo Wii Fit exergames to improve balance in older adults.
Methods: Seven older adults aged 84 (5) years with impaired balance (Berg Balance Scale [BBS] score < 52 points) were recruited from 4 continuing care retirement communities to participate in a single group pre- and postevaluation of Wii Fit exergames. Participants received individualized instructions (at least 5 home visits) on playing 4 exergames (basic step, soccer heading, ski slalom, and table tilt) and were asked to play these games in their homes at least 30 minutes 3 times per week for 3 months and received weekly telephone follow-up. They also completed a paper log of their exergame play and rated their enjoyment immediately after each session. Participants completed the BBS, 4-Meter Timed Walk test, and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale at baseline and 3 months. Semistructured interviews were conducted at the 3-month evaluation.
Results: Participants safely and independently played a mean of 50 sessions, median session duration of 31 minutes. Two of the games were modified to ensure participants' safety. Participants rated high enjoyment immediately after exergame play and expressed experiencing improved balance with daily activities and desire to play exergames with their grandchildren. Berg Balance Scores increased from 49 (2.1) to 53 (1.8) points (P = .017). Walking speed increased from 1.04 (0.2) to 1.33 (0.84) m/s (P = .018).
Conclusions: Use of Wii Fit for limited supervised balance training in the home was safe and feasible for a selected sample of older adults. Further research is needed to determine clinical efficacy in a larger, diverse sample and ascertain whether Wii Fit exergames can be integrated into physical therapy practice to promote health in older adults.
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October/December 2011 - Volume 34 - Issue 4 - p 161–167
Agmon, Maayan PT, PhD, MA, BA; Perry, Cynthia K. PhD, ARNP; Phelan, Elizabeth MD, MS; Demiris, George PhD; Nguyen, Huong Q. PhD
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Abstract
Purpose: To determine the safety and feasibility of using Nintendo Wii Fit exergames to improve balance in older adults.
Methods: Seven older adults aged 84 (5) years with impaired balance (Berg Balance Scale [BBS] score < 52 points) were recruited from 4 continuing care retirement communities to participate in a single group pre- and postevaluation of Wii Fit exergames. Participants received individualized instructions (at least 5 home visits) on playing 4 exergames (basic step, soccer heading, ski slalom, and table tilt) and were asked to play these games in their homes at least 30 minutes 3 times per week for 3 months and received weekly telephone follow-up. They also completed a paper log of their exergame play and rated their enjoyment immediately after each session. Participants completed the BBS, 4-Meter Timed Walk test, and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale at baseline and 3 months. Semistructured interviews were conducted at the 3-month evaluation.
Results: Participants safely and independently played a mean of 50 sessions, median session duration of 31 minutes. Two of the games were modified to ensure participants' safety. Participants rated high enjoyment immediately after exergame play and expressed experiencing improved balance with daily activities and desire to play exergames with their grandchildren. Berg Balance Scores increased from 49 (2.1) to 53 (1.8) points (P = .017). Walking speed increased from 1.04 (0.2) to 1.33 (0.84) m/s (P = .018).
Conclusions: Use of Wii Fit for limited supervised balance training in the home was safe and feasible for a selected sample of older adults. Further research is needed to determine clinical efficacy in a larger, diverse sample and ascertain whether Wii Fit exergames can be integrated into physical therapy practice to promote health in older adults.
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Tuesday, 1 November 2011
Energy Expenditure and Enjoyment during Video Game Play: Differences by Game Type
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise:
October 2011 - Volume 43 - Issue 10 - pp 1987-1993
LYONS, ELIZABETH J.; TATE, DEBORAH F., WARD, DIANNE S.; BOWLING, J. MICHAEL; RIBISL, KURT M.; KALYARARAMAN, SRIRAM
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Abstract
Purpose: Play of physically active video games may be a way to increase physical activity and/or decrease sedentary behavior, but games are not universally active or enjoyable. Active games may differ from traditional games on important attributes, which may affect frequency and intensity of play. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in energy expenditure and enjoyment across four game types: shooter (played with traditional controllers), band simulation (guitar or drum controller), dance simulation (dance mat controller), and fitness (balance board controller).
Methods: Energy expenditure (METs) and enjoyment were measured across 10 games in 100 young adults age 18-35 yr (50 women).
Results: All games except shooter games significantly increased energy expenditure over rest (P < 0.001). Fitness and dance games increased energy expenditure by 322% (mean ± SD = 3.10 ± 0.89 METs) and 298% (2.91 ± 0.87 METs), which was greater than that produced by band simulation (73%, 1.28 ± 0.28 METs) and shooter games (23%, 0.91 ± 0.16 METs). However, enjoyment was higher in band simulation games than in other types (P < 0.001). Body mass-corrected energy expenditure was greater in normal weight than in overweight participants in the two most active game types (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Active video games can significantly increase energy expended during screen time, but these games are less enjoyable than other more sedentary games, suggesting that they may be less likely to be played over time. Less active but more enjoyable video games may be a promising method for decreasing sedentary behavior.
©2011The American College of Sports Medicine
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October 2011 - Volume 43 - Issue 10 - pp 1987-1993
LYONS, ELIZABETH J.; TATE, DEBORAH F., WARD, DIANNE S.; BOWLING, J. MICHAEL; RIBISL, KURT M.; KALYARARAMAN, SRIRAM
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Abstract
Purpose: Play of physically active video games may be a way to increase physical activity and/or decrease sedentary behavior, but games are not universally active or enjoyable. Active games may differ from traditional games on important attributes, which may affect frequency and intensity of play. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in energy expenditure and enjoyment across four game types: shooter (played with traditional controllers), band simulation (guitar or drum controller), dance simulation (dance mat controller), and fitness (balance board controller).
Methods: Energy expenditure (METs) and enjoyment were measured across 10 games in 100 young adults age 18-35 yr (50 women).
Results: All games except shooter games significantly increased energy expenditure over rest (P < 0.001). Fitness and dance games increased energy expenditure by 322% (mean ± SD = 3.10 ± 0.89 METs) and 298% (2.91 ± 0.87 METs), which was greater than that produced by band simulation (73%, 1.28 ± 0.28 METs) and shooter games (23%, 0.91 ± 0.16 METs). However, enjoyment was higher in band simulation games than in other types (P < 0.001). Body mass-corrected energy expenditure was greater in normal weight than in overweight participants in the two most active game types (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Active video games can significantly increase energy expended during screen time, but these games are less enjoyable than other more sedentary games, suggesting that they may be less likely to be played over time. Less active but more enjoyable video games may be a promising method for decreasing sedentary behavior.
©2011The American College of Sports Medicine
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Wednesday, 26 October 2011
A Comparison of the Energy Cost of 6 Forms of Exergaming
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(7):597-602.
Bruce W. Bailey, PhD; Kyle McInnis, ScD
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Objective
To determine the relative effect of interactive digital exercise that features player movement (ie, exergames) on energy expenditure among children of various body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
Design Comparison study.
Setting GoKids Boston, a youth fitness research and training center located at University of Massachusetts, Boston.
Participants
Thirty-nine boys and girls (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [2.0] years) recruited from local schools and after-school programs.
Main Exposure
Six forms of exergaming as well as treadmill walking.
Main Outcome Measures
In addition to treadmill walking at 3 miles per hour (to convert miles to kilometers, multiply by 1.6), energy expenditure of the following exergames were examined: Dance Dance Revolution, LightSpace (Bug Invasion), Nintendo Wii (Boxing), Cybex Trazer (Goalie Wars), Sportwall, and Xavix (J-Mat). Energy expenditure was measured using the CosMed K4B2 portable metabolic cart.
Results
All forms of interactive gaming evaluated in our study increased energy expenditure above rest, with no between-group differences among normal (BMI < 85th percentile) and "at-risk" or overweight (BMI 85th percentile) children (P .05). Walking at 3 miles per hour resulted in a mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task value of 4.9 (0.7), whereas the intensity of exergaming resulted in mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task values of 4.2 (1.6) for Wii, 5.4 (1.8) for Dance Dance Revolution, 6.4 (1.6) for LightSpace, 7.0 (1.8) for Xavix, 5.9 (1.5) for Cybex Trazer, and 7.1 (1.7) for Sportwall. Enjoyment of the games was generally high but was highest for children with BMIs in the highest percentiles.
Conclusion
All games used in our study elevated energy expenditure to moderate or vigorous intensity. Exergaming has the potential to increase physical activity and have a favorable influence on energy balance, and may be a viable alternative to traditional fitness activities for children of various BMI levels.
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Bruce W. Bailey, PhD; Kyle McInnis, ScD
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Objective
To determine the relative effect of interactive digital exercise that features player movement (ie, exergames) on energy expenditure among children of various body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
Design Comparison study.
Setting GoKids Boston, a youth fitness research and training center located at University of Massachusetts, Boston.
Participants
Thirty-nine boys and girls (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [2.0] years) recruited from local schools and after-school programs.
Main Exposure
Six forms of exergaming as well as treadmill walking.
Main Outcome Measures
In addition to treadmill walking at 3 miles per hour (to convert miles to kilometers, multiply by 1.6), energy expenditure of the following exergames were examined: Dance Dance Revolution, LightSpace (Bug Invasion), Nintendo Wii (Boxing), Cybex Trazer (Goalie Wars), Sportwall, and Xavix (J-Mat). Energy expenditure was measured using the CosMed K4B2 portable metabolic cart.
Results
All forms of interactive gaming evaluated in our study increased energy expenditure above rest, with no between-group differences among normal (BMI < 85th percentile) and "at-risk" or overweight (BMI 85th percentile) children (P .05). Walking at 3 miles per hour resulted in a mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task value of 4.9 (0.7), whereas the intensity of exergaming resulted in mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task values of 4.2 (1.6) for Wii, 5.4 (1.8) for Dance Dance Revolution, 6.4 (1.6) for LightSpace, 7.0 (1.8) for Xavix, 5.9 (1.5) for Cybex Trazer, and 7.1 (1.7) for Sportwall. Enjoyment of the games was generally high but was highest for children with BMIs in the highest percentiles.
Conclusion
All games used in our study elevated energy expenditure to moderate or vigorous intensity. Exergaming has the potential to increase physical activity and have a favorable influence on energy balance, and may be a viable alternative to traditional fitness activities for children of various BMI levels.
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Tuesday, 25 October 2011
Changes in physical activity and fitness after 3 months of home Wii Fit(TM) use
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research:
25(11): 3191-3197,
11 October 2011
Owens, SG, Garner III, JC, Loftin, JM, van Blerk, N, and Ermin, K.
Original Article: PDF Only
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in physical activity and fitness variables in members of 8 volunteer families after 3 months of home use of the Wii Fit(TM) interactive video game. Pre and postintervention measurements were obtained from 21 subjects relative to physical activity (5 days of accelerometry), aerobic fitness (graded treadmill test), muscular fitness (push-ups), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), balance (composite equilibrium score), and body composition (body mass index and % body fat). Use characteristics of the Wii Fit(TM) device were also determined. A series of 2 (age group) x 2 (time) repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess changes over time and between adults and children. Three months of home Wii Fit(TM) use revealed no significant age group x time interactions or main effects of group or time for daily physical activity, muscular fitness, flexibility, balance, or body composition. An age group x time interaction (p = 0.04) was observed in peak [latin capital V with dot above]O2 (ml[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1) with children displaying a significant (p = 0.03) increase after 3 months of Wii Fit(TM) use, whereas adults showed no significant (p = 0.50) change. Daily Wii Fit(TM) use per household declined by 82% (p < 0.01) from 21.5 +/- 9.0 min[middle dot]d-1 during the first 6 weeks to 3.9 +/- 4.0 min[middle dot]d-1 during the second 6 weeks. Most measures of health-related fitness in this exploratory study remained unchanged after 3 months of home use of the popular Wii Fit(TM) whole-body movement interactive video game. Modest daily Wii Fit(TM) use may have provided insufficient stimulus for fitness changes.
(C) 2011 National Strength and Conditioning Association
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The purpose of this study was to examine changes in physical activity and fitness variables in members of 8 volunteer families after 3 months of home use of the Wii Fit(TM) interactive video game. Pre and postintervention measurements were obtained from 21 subjects relative to physical activity (5 days of accelerometry), aerobic fitness (graded treadmill test), muscular fitness (push-ups), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), balance (composite equilibrium score), and body composition (body mass index and % body fat). Use characteristics of the Wii Fit(TM) device were also determined. A series of 2 (age group) x 2 (time) repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess changes over time and between adults and children. Three months of home Wii Fit(TM) use revealed no significant age group x time interactions or main effects of group or time for daily physical activity, muscular fitness, flexibility, balance, or body composition. An age group x time interaction (p = 0.04) was observed in peak [latin capital V with dot above]O2 (ml[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1) with children displaying a significant (p = 0.03) increase after 3 months of Wii Fit(TM) use, whereas adults showed no significant (p = 0.50) change. Daily Wii Fit(TM) use per household declined by 82% (p < 0.01) from 21.5 +/- 9.0 min[middle dot]d-1 during the first 6 weeks to 3.9 +/- 4.0 min[middle dot]d-1 during the second 6 weeks. Most measures of health-related fitness in this exploratory study remained unchanged after 3 months of home use of the popular Wii Fit(TM) whole-body movement interactive video game. Modest daily Wii Fit(TM) use may have provided insufficient stimulus for fitness changes.
(C) 2011 National Strength and Conditioning Association
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Wednesday, 14 September 2011
Incorporating Gaming Technology into Athletic Injury Rehabilitation
Athletic Training & Sports Health Care March/April 2009 - Volume 1 · Issue 2: 79-84
David A. Middlemas, EdD, ATC; Jeffrey Basilicato, ATC; Michael Prybicien, MA, ATC; Joseph Savoia, MS, ATC; Jenna Biodoglio
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ABSTRACT
Rehabilitation of athletes presents challenges relating to proprioceptive training, reacquisition of sport-related skills, and maintaining the patient’s interest. Incorporation of video gaming technology into the rehabilitation process has been reported in physical therapy, stroke rehabilitation, geriatric exercise, and physical education. Reported feedback indicates that the technology is well received by patients. The purpose of this article is to present video gaming technology, such as the Nintendo Wii, as an alternative tool for clinicians to use in rehabilitation. We present examples of the use of video game activities from the Wii Sports software package in injury rehabilitation. The sport activities selected require patients to simulate athletic motions and skills while competing in the selected activity. In addition, examples of use of gaming activities with traditional balance and proprioceptive equipment are presented.
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David A. Middlemas, EdD, ATC; Jeffrey Basilicato, ATC; Michael Prybicien, MA, ATC; Joseph Savoia, MS, ATC; Jenna Biodoglio
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ABSTRACT
Rehabilitation of athletes presents challenges relating to proprioceptive training, reacquisition of sport-related skills, and maintaining the patient’s interest. Incorporation of video gaming technology into the rehabilitation process has been reported in physical therapy, stroke rehabilitation, geriatric exercise, and physical education. Reported feedback indicates that the technology is well received by patients. The purpose of this article is to present video gaming technology, such as the Nintendo Wii, as an alternative tool for clinicians to use in rehabilitation. We present examples of the use of video game activities from the Wii Sports software package in injury rehabilitation. The sport activities selected require patients to simulate athletic motions and skills while competing in the selected activity. In addition, examples of use of gaming activities with traditional balance and proprioceptive equipment are presented.
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Monday, 12 September 2011
A Kinect-based system for physical rehabilitation: A pilot study for young adults with motor disabilities.
Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011 Jul 22.
Chang YJ, Chen SF, Huang JD.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Abstract
This study assessed the possibility of rehabilitating two young adults with motor impairments using a Kinect-based system in a public school setting. This study was carried out according to an ABAB sequence in which A represented the baseline and B represented intervention phases. Data showed that the two participants significantly increased their motivation for physical rehabilitation, thus improving exercise performance during the intervention phases. Practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.
Highlights
► To reduce staff intervention and enhance students’ motivation, interest, and perseverance to engage in physical rehabilitation, a Kinect-based system was employed with success. ► Single subject research design was used with two young adults who were diagnosed with motor disability. ► Data showed that the participants improve exercise performance during the intervention phases.
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Sunday, 11 September 2011
The effects of single bouts of aerobic exercise, exergaming, and videogame play on cognitive control.
Clinical Neurophysiology. 2011 Aug;122(8):1518-25.
Kevin C. O’Leary, Matthew B. Pontifex, Mark R. Scudder, Michael L. Brown, Charles H. Hillman
Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, 317 Louise Freer Hall, 906 South Goodwin Avenue, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Abstract
Objective
The effects of single bouts of aerobic exercise, exergaming, and action videogame play on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and task performance indices of cognitive control were investigated using a modified flanker task that manipulated demands of attentional inhibition.
Methods
Participants completed four counterbalanced sessions of 20min of activity intervention (i.e., seated rest, seated videogame play, and treadmill-based and exergame-based aerobic exercise at 60% HRmax) followed by cognitive testing once heart rate (HR) returned to within 10% of pre-activity levels.
Results
Results indicated decreased RT interference following treadmill exercise relative to seated rest and videogame play. P3 amplitude was increased following treadmill exercise relative to rest, suggesting an increased allocation of attentional resources during stimulus engagement. The seated videogame and exergame conditions did not differ from any other condition.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that single bouts of treadmill exercise may improve cognitive control through an increase in the allocation of attentional resources and greater interference control during cognitively demanding tasks. However, similar benefits may not be derived following short bouts of aerobic exergaming or seated videogame participation.
Significance
Although exergames may increase physical activity participation, they may not exert the same benefits to brain and cognition as more traditional physical activity behaviors.
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Tuesday, 23 August 2011
Physical and Psychosocial Effects of Wii Video Game Use among Older Women
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society
Vol. 8, No. 2, 2010, pp: 85 – 98
Dennis Wollersheim, Monika Merkes, Nora Shields, Pranee Liamputtong, Lara Wallis,
Fay Reynolds and Lee Koh
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Abstract
This study investigated the physical and psychosocial effect of exergaming in community
dwelling older adult women. In a pilot study consisting of a six-week baseline period and a
six-week intervention period, participants (N = 11, mean age = 73.5 years, SD = 9.0) played
Nintendo Wii Sports twice weekly. We measured full body movements using accelerometers,
and assessed psychosocial effects through end-of-study focus group meetings. There were
large self-reported psychological effects related to positive changes in self perception. The
game-play deepened social connections within the group and provided a basis for shared
experiences with younger aged family members. Physically, the game-play showed
significantly higher maximum energy expenditure (t = -4.52, p < 0.05) than baseline, but no significant difference in overall energy expenditure. Findings from the quantitative data showed that Wii-play did not have substantial physical effects; nevertheless, qualitative data revealed that the participants perceived an improved sense of physical, social and psychological wellbeing.
Keywords: Wii – Older Women – Psychosocial Benefit – Australia – Exercise – Exergames
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Vol. 8, No. 2, 2010, pp: 85 – 98
Dennis Wollersheim, Monika Merkes, Nora Shields, Pranee Liamputtong, Lara Wallis,
Fay Reynolds and Lee Koh
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Abstract
This study investigated the physical and psychosocial effect of exergaming in community
dwelling older adult women. In a pilot study consisting of a six-week baseline period and a
six-week intervention period, participants (N = 11, mean age = 73.5 years, SD = 9.0) played
Nintendo Wii Sports twice weekly. We measured full body movements using accelerometers,
and assessed psychosocial effects through end-of-study focus group meetings. There were
large self-reported psychological effects related to positive changes in self perception. The
game-play deepened social connections within the group and provided a basis for shared
experiences with younger aged family members. Physically, the game-play showed
significantly higher maximum energy expenditure (t = -4.52, p < 0.05) than baseline, but no significant difference in overall energy expenditure. Findings from the quantitative data showed that Wii-play did not have substantial physical effects; nevertheless, qualitative data revealed that the participants perceived an improved sense of physical, social and psychological wellbeing.
Keywords: Wii – Older Women – Psychosocial Benefit – Australia – Exercise – Exergames
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Tuesday, 16 August 2011
Active Video Gaming to Improve Balance in the Elderly
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2011;167:159-64.
Claudine J.C. Lamoth, Simone R. Caljouw, Klaas Postema
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ABSTRACT
The combination of active video gaming and exercise (exergaming) is suggested to improve elderly people's balance, thereby decreasing fall risk. Exergaming has been shown to increase motivation during exercise therapy, due to the enjoyable and challenging nature, which could support long-term adherence for exercising balance. However, scarce evidence is available of the direct effects of exergaming on postural control. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of a six-week videogame-based exercise program aimed at improving balance in elderly people. Task performance and postural control were examined using an interrupted time series design. Results of multilevel analyses showed that performance on the dot task improved within the first two weeks of training. Postural control improved during the intervention. After the intervention period task performance and balance were better than before the intervention. Results of this study show that healthy elderly can benefit from a videogame-based exercise program to improve balance and that all subjects were highly motivated to exercise balance because they found gaming challenging and enjoyable.
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Claudine J.C. Lamoth, Simone R. Caljouw, Klaas Postema
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ABSTRACT
The combination of active video gaming and exercise (exergaming) is suggested to improve elderly people's balance, thereby decreasing fall risk. Exergaming has been shown to increase motivation during exercise therapy, due to the enjoyable and challenging nature, which could support long-term adherence for exercising balance. However, scarce evidence is available of the direct effects of exergaming on postural control. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of a six-week videogame-based exercise program aimed at improving balance in elderly people. Task performance and postural control were examined using an interrupted time series design. Results of multilevel analyses showed that performance on the dot task improved within the first two weeks of training. Postural control improved during the intervention. After the intervention period task performance and balance were better than before the intervention. Results of this study show that healthy elderly can benefit from a videogame-based exercise program to improve balance and that all subjects were highly motivated to exercise balance because they found gaming challenging and enjoyable.
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Sunday, 6 March 2011
Metabolic responses to wii fit™ video games : March 2011
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011 Mar;25(3):689-93.
Metabolic responses to wii fit™ video games at different game levels.
Worley JR, Rogers SN, Kraemer RR.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana
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From Pubmed
Abstract
-The Wii Fit™ is a form of interactive gaming designed to elicit health and fitness benefits to replace sedentary gaming.
This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Wii Fit™ fitness games. The purpose of the study was to determine the %&OV0312;O2max and energy expenditure from different Wii Fit™ games at different levels including the step and hula games. Eight healthy young women completed a preliminary trial to determine &OV0312;O2max and later played the Wii Fit™ during 2 separate counterbalanced trials. During each session, subjects played levels of Wii Fit™ games for 10 minutes each level. One session involved beginning and intermediate hula, and the other session involved beginning and intermediate steps. The &OV0312;O2 was measured continuously via metabolic cart, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed at the end of each game level. The lowest %&OV0312;O2max, kcal·min, and RPE occurred during the beginning step game and the highest values occurred during the intermediate hula game. Respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher in the intermediate hula than beginning hula game but was not significantly different between step game levels. The intermediate hula and step games produced the greatest energy expenditure with an equivalent effect of a walking speed of >5.63 km·h (>3.5 miles·h). This is the first study to determine the percentage of &OV0312;O2max and caloric expenditure elicited by different Wii Fit™ video games at different game levels in adults. Findings suggest that the Wii Fit™ can be used as an effective activity for promoting physical health in this population.
Link to Pubmed reference
Metabolic responses to wii fit™ video games at different game levels.
Worley JR, Rogers SN, Kraemer RR.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana
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From Pubmed
Abstract
-The Wii Fit™ is a form of interactive gaming designed to elicit health and fitness benefits to replace sedentary gaming.
This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Wii Fit™ fitness games. The purpose of the study was to determine the %&OV0312;O2max and energy expenditure from different Wii Fit™ games at different levels including the step and hula games. Eight healthy young women completed a preliminary trial to determine &OV0312;O2max and later played the Wii Fit™ during 2 separate counterbalanced trials. During each session, subjects played levels of Wii Fit™ games for 10 minutes each level. One session involved beginning and intermediate hula, and the other session involved beginning and intermediate steps. The &OV0312;O2 was measured continuously via metabolic cart, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed at the end of each game level. The lowest %&OV0312;O2max, kcal·min, and RPE occurred during the beginning step game and the highest values occurred during the intermediate hula game. Respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher in the intermediate hula than beginning hula game but was not significantly different between step game levels. The intermediate hula and step games produced the greatest energy expenditure with an equivalent effect of a walking speed of >5.63 km·h (>3.5 miles·h). This is the first study to determine the percentage of &OV0312;O2max and caloric expenditure elicited by different Wii Fit™ video games at different game levels in adults. Findings suggest that the Wii Fit™ can be used as an effective activity for promoting physical health in this population.
Link to Pubmed reference
Friday, 24 September 2010
Energy expended by boys playing active video games.
J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Aug 30.
White K, Schofield G, Kilding AE.
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine energy expenditure (EE) during a range of active video games (AVGs) and (2) determine whether EE during AVGs is influenced by gaming experience or fitness. Twenty-six boys (11.4+/-0.8 years) participated and performed a range of sedentary activities (resting, watching television and sedentary gaming), playing AVGs (Nintendo((R)) Wii Bowling, Boxing, Tennis, and Wii Fit Skiing and Step), walking and running including a maximal fitness test. During all activities, oxygen uptake, heart rate and EE were determined. The AVGs resulted in a significantly higher EE compared to rest (63-190%, p/=0.001) and sedentary screen-time activities (56-184%, p/=0.001). No significant differences in EE were found between the most active video games and walking. There was no evidence to suggest that gaming experience or aerobic fitness influenced EE when playing AVGs. In conclusion, boys expended more energy during active gaming compared to sedentary activities. Whilst EE during AVG is game-specific, AVGs are not intense enough to contribute towards the 60min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity that is currently recommended for children.
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White K, Schofield G, Kilding AE.
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine energy expenditure (EE) during a range of active video games (AVGs) and (2) determine whether EE during AVGs is influenced by gaming experience or fitness. Twenty-six boys (11.4+/-0.8 years) participated and performed a range of sedentary activities (resting, watching television and sedentary gaming), playing AVGs (Nintendo((R)) Wii Bowling, Boxing, Tennis, and Wii Fit Skiing and Step), walking and running including a maximal fitness test. During all activities, oxygen uptake, heart rate and EE were determined. The AVGs resulted in a significantly higher EE compared to rest (63-190%, p/=0.001) and sedentary screen-time activities (56-184%, p/=0.001). No significant differences in EE were found between the most active video games and walking. There was no evidence to suggest that gaming experience or aerobic fitness influenced EE when playing AVGs. In conclusion, boys expended more energy during active gaming compared to sedentary activities. Whilst EE during AVG is game-specific, AVGs are not intense enough to contribute towards the 60min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity that is currently recommended for children.
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Thursday, 22 July 2010
Exergaming: virtual inspiration, real perspiration (2009)
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Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers Volume 10, Number 1, 2009 , pp. 35-45(11)
Klein, Matthew J.; Simmers, Christina S.
Purpose - The USA is facing an obesity crisis so large that for the first time in history, this generation of children may have a life span that does not exceed that of its parents. Simultaneously, the gaming industry has introduced a form of video gaming (e.g. Nintendo Wii) that requires the participant to be physically involved in the game. For example, a live player will have a tennis racquet that he/she swings to compete with a virtual opponent on screen. This form of entertainment has been termed "exergaming." People are buying these games for the purpose of entertainment. However, this paper aims to propose that there are possible unanticipated physical benefits of this new gaming technology.
Design/methodology/approach - A survey method is used to examine attitudes about exercise, video gaming and exergaming. Findings - Results indicate a positive attitude toward exergaming, particularly with the more self-identified sedentary respondents. Research limitations/implications - This topic would benefit from a longitudinal study examining the adoption rate of this technology by previously inactive individuals and how its use translates into increased physical activity both with the video game system and other outside fitness activities.
Practical implications - The findings support exergaming as one way to get children to exercise.
Originality/value - The exercise potential of new gaming technology, i.e. "exergaming" is researched.
Klein, Matthew J.; Simmers, Christina S.
Purpose - The USA is facing an obesity crisis so large that for the first time in history, this generation of children may have a life span that does not exceed that of its parents. Simultaneously, the gaming industry has introduced a form of video gaming (e.g. Nintendo Wii) that requires the participant to be physically involved in the game. For example, a live player will have a tennis racquet that he/she swings to compete with a virtual opponent on screen. This form of entertainment has been termed "exergaming." People are buying these games for the purpose of entertainment. However, this paper aims to propose that there are possible unanticipated physical benefits of this new gaming technology.
Design/methodology/approach - A survey method is used to examine attitudes about exercise, video gaming and exergaming. Findings - Results indicate a positive attitude toward exergaming, particularly with the more self-identified sedentary respondents. Research limitations/implications - This topic would benefit from a longitudinal study examining the adoption rate of this technology by previously inactive individuals and how its use translates into increased physical activity both with the video game system and other outside fitness activities.
Practical implications - The findings support exergaming as one way to get children to exercise.
Originality/value - The exercise potential of new gaming technology, i.e. "exergaming" is researched.
Wednesday, 21 July 2010
Avatars mirroring the actual self versus projecting the ideal self: the effects of self-priming on interactivity and immersion in an exergame, Wii Fit. (2009)
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Cyberpsychol Behav. . 2009 Dec;12(6):761-5.
Jin SA.
As exergames are increasingly being used as an interventional tool to fight the obesity epidemic in clinical studies, society is absorbing their impact to a more intense degree. Interactivity and immersion are key factors that attract exergame consumers. This research asks, What are the effects of priming the actual self versus the ideal self on users' perceived interactivity and immersion in avatar-based exergame playing? and What are important moderators that play a role in exergame users' self-concept perception? To answer these research questions, this study leveraged the Wii's avatar-creating function (Mii Channel) and exergame feature (Wii Fit) in a controlled, randomized experimental design (N = 126). The results of a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment demonstrated the significant main effect of self-priming on interactivity and the moderating role of the actual-ideal self-concept discrepancy in influencing immersion during exergame playing. Game players who created an avatar reflecting the ideal self reported greater perceived interactivity than those who created a replica avatar mirroring the actual self. A two-way ANOVA demonstrated the moderating role of the actual-ideal self-concept discrepancy in determining the effects of the primed regulatory focus on immersion in the exergame play. The underlying theoretical mechanism is derived from and explained by Higgins's self-concept discrepancy perspective. Practical implications for game developers and managerial implications for the exergame industry are discussed.
Motivation and Physiologic Responses of Playing a Physically Interactive Video Game Relative to a Sedentary Alternative in Children
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Penko AL, Barkley JE.
The School of Exercise Leisure and Sport, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA,
Abstract
Background While there is emerging research outlining the physiologic cost of the physically interactive Nintendo Wii, there are no evaluations of the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of the Wii versus a sedentary alternative.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiologic cost, RRV, and liking of playing Wii Sports Boxing (Wii) versus a traditional sedentary video game (SVG) in 11 lean and 13 overweight/obese 8- to 12-year-old children.
Methods Heart rate (HR) and VO2 were assessed during rest, treadmill walking, and playing an SVG and Wii using a counterbalance design. Liking was assessed during treadmill walking and video game play. RRV was assessed for Wii versus SVG.
Results Average HR, VO2, and liking were significantly greater for Nintendo Wii (p ≤ 0.001 for all) than all other conditions. Lean children displayed a greater (p < 0.001) peak responding for access to Wii relative to the SVG while overweight/obese children did not (p ≥ 0.16). Conclusion Wii was a well-liked activity of greater physiologic intensity than both the SVG and treadmill walking. Lean children were more motivated while overweight/obese children were equally as motivated to play Wii relative to the SVG. Keywords Exertainment - Nintendo Wii - Reinforcing value - Liking - Hedonics
The School of Exercise Leisure and Sport, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA,
Abstract
Background While there is emerging research outlining the physiologic cost of the physically interactive Nintendo Wii, there are no evaluations of the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of the Wii versus a sedentary alternative.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiologic cost, RRV, and liking of playing Wii Sports Boxing (Wii) versus a traditional sedentary video game (SVG) in 11 lean and 13 overweight/obese 8- to 12-year-old children.
Methods Heart rate (HR) and VO2 were assessed during rest, treadmill walking, and playing an SVG and Wii using a counterbalance design. Liking was assessed during treadmill walking and video game play. RRV was assessed for Wii versus SVG.
Results Average HR, VO2, and liking were significantly greater for Nintendo Wii (p ≤ 0.001 for all) than all other conditions. Lean children displayed a greater (p < 0.001) peak responding for access to Wii relative to the SVG while overweight/obese children did not (p ≥ 0.16). Conclusion Wii was a well-liked activity of greater physiologic intensity than both the SVG and treadmill walking. Lean children were more motivated while overweight/obese children were equally as motivated to play Wii relative to the SVG. Keywords Exertainment - Nintendo Wii - Reinforcing value - Liking - Hedonics
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Abstract
Objective: To study the impact of training using the Nintendo Wii Fit in 14 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Methods: A single-subject single blinded design with multiple subjects and baselines was utilised. Interactive video gaming (IVG) in lieu of regular physiotherapy was given for 3 weeks. Outcome measures included modified balance and running speed and agility (RSA) scales of the Bruininks-Oserestky test of Motor Performance 2 and the timed up and down stairs (TUDS).
Results: Balances score improved significantly (F(2, 26) = 9.8286, p = 0.001). Changes over time in the RSA (F(2, 26) = 0.86198, p = 0.434) and the TUDS (F(2, 26) = 1.3862, p = 0.268) were not significant. Ten children preferred the intervention to conventional physiotherapy.
Conclusion: Most children preferred the IVG but as the effect did not carry over into function, IVG should not be used in place of conventional therapy and further research is needed into its use as an adjunct to therapy.
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